Figure 2

One-dimensional structures in which correlations between electrons are important. When a structure carries a constant average current, oscillations in the current are produced owing to the motion of the correlated electrons.
(a) A narrow channel with low electron density in which electrons form a well-ordered queue.
(b) An array of tunnel junctions - small metallic islands separated by insulating layers through which electrons can tunnel - used in the experiment by Delsing and colleagues (image and text: D V Averin Nature 434 285) .

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