Optical lattices in one and two dimensions
Arrays of 1D quantum gases can be created by using 2D lattice potentials. Each of these 1D quantum gases has an aspect ratio of approximately 250:1. The presence of a 1D quantum gas can be verified experimentally by comparing the frequencies of a dipole, or "sloshing", oscillation along the axis of the tube to those of a "breathing" mode along the tube. Credit: T Esslinger/ETH Zürich.