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Vortices multiply in superfluid helium-II

Feb 1, 2001

Liquid helium has fascinated scientists ever since it was first produced by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. One of the biggest surprises was that liquid helium-4 forms a substance known as helium-II when it is cooled below 2.2 K. Helium-II is a mixture of two interpenetrating fluids: superfluid helium-4, which can flow without resistance, and normal helium-4.

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