James Kikkawa and David Awschalom of the University of California, Santa Barbara have now shown that they can use electric fields to transport electrons through a distance of 0.1 mm in gallium arsenide without losing any of their quantum coherence (Nature 397 139). They cooled gallium arsenide substrates in a magneto-optical cryostat to 1.6 Kelvin. […]
In theory, the creation of ozone – caused by the breakdown of oxygen in the atmosphere by ultraviolet light – is a mass-independent process. However, experiments by Klaus Mauersberger and colleagues at the Max-Planck institute for nuclear physics in Heidelberg indicate that the collisions between oxygen atoms and molecules that form ozone are not mass-independent […]
Dorfan was born in South Africa and received his first degree from the University of Cape Town, and his doctorate from the University of California at Irvine in 1976. He has spent most of his career at Stanford, most recently as leader of the B-factory project at SLAC. Cesarsky was born in France in 1943. […]
The fifth framework will focus on four main themes: quality of life and management of living systems (ECU 2.413 bn); the user-friendly information society (ECU 3.6 bn); competitive and sustainable growth (ECU 2.705 bn); and energy, environment and sustainable development (ECU 2.125 bn). Its three other main activities are: confirming the international role of community […]
One of the women, Mary Singleton, has been complaining about the inequality for 20 years and says that in 1986 the lab’s management board admitted that female staff were discriminated against. However the board took no action. Singleton, who retired last year, used to manage Livermore’s plutonium facility. “The regents and management at the lab […]
It was in 1867, in a letter to his friend and colleague Peter Tait, that James Clerk Maxwell first stated his renowned “demon paradox”. He imagined a vessel with two compartments, separated by a controllable door, with a demon that allowed hot molecules to accumulate on one side, and cold molecules on the other. The […]
One of the central questions is how to manipulate or “engineer” these entangled states in real physical systems. Indeed, very few physical systems satisfy the stringent requirements that make it possible to control the quantum mechanical Hamilton operator – which determines the time evolution of the system – while at the same time ensuring that […]
The international financial markets are proving profitable for physicists who can apply techniques from theoretical and statistical physics to the complex dynamics of financial products
Read article: Mutual attractions: physics and finance
Transforming the Soviet Union’s highly centralized communist regime into an open, democratic society based on free-market principles has proved to be much harder than people at first thought. Life has been painful for almost all levels of society in the former Soviet nations since the early 1990s, and the relatively small – but important – […]
Astronomers have known for decades that the universe is expanding, based on measurements of the “red shift” of light emitted by galaxies. According to the standard cosmological model, there are three possible types of universe: a “closed universe” in which there is enough mass to eventually stop the expansion and cause the universe to collapse […]
